1. Kuluka ubweya ndi kosiyana ndi kuluka thonje. Amalukidwa mwachindunji ndi ulusi potengera makina oluka oluka. Mofanana ndi ife kuluka majuzi, ulusi sungathe kuwomba mosalekeza kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Chifukwa chake, pochita izi, ogwira ntchito amalumikiza ulusi uliwonse wa ubweya poluka. Nthawi zambiri, ndizosatheka kuti sweti ikhale yopanda mfundo, koma kwa sweti yapamwamba kwambiri, mfundo yake nthawi zonse imakhala yobisika m'malo osawoneka, monga nsonga zam'mbali ndi m'manja.
2. Mbali ina ya khalidwe lapangidwe la zovala zoluka likuwonekera pamapazi a maluwa. Mzerewu umatchedwa singano yotseka yowala (maluwa otseka owala), omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera pakhosi ndi paphewa. Nthawi zambiri, ndi bwino kutseka singano kapena khafu. Mu sweti, nthawi zonse imakhala yamtengo wapatali kuposa kuyika ma cuffing. M'malo mwake, sitingawone kuti m'munda woluka pali mizere ya manja aubweya woluka, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi manja a ubweya woluka. Kuonjezera apo, pali mtunda wautali pakati pa mtengo wa majuzi okhala ndi manja ndi ma sweti a cuffed pogulitsa malonda akunja.
3. Poyang'ana pa nsalu ya embryonic pamwamba pa sweti, njira ya singano ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Ndi zoluka zazing'ono zomwe timaziwona. Ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi kukula kwake. Ngati makulidwe a njira ya singano ndi yosagwirizana, zikutanthauza kuti mawu a mawu a zida zoluka samasinthidwa bwino panthawi yoluka, kapena pali ubweya wonyezimira komanso wabwino mu ulusi.
4. Zovala zoluka zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mbedza yamanja kapena nsalu yamanja ndi nsalu. Mapangidwe a mbedza yamanja ndi osinthika komanso osiyanasiyana, omwe sangasinthidwe ndi makina oluka. Kutulutsa kwake kumakhala kochepa, kotero mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo. Hand mbedza imagawidwa makamaka ku Shantou Mitundu ya singano yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina oluka ndi: 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, etc. (omwe amatchedwa mitundu ya singano ndi ambiri singano zokonzedwa mu inchi zokhala ndi singano zochulukira, zowonda kwambiri, ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, umakhala wokwera mtengo, umakhala wokwera mtengo wopangira, komanso mtengo wokonza.